Supplemental Bullets #002

• A theory is a well-defined, testable description of a subject. It can be tested in practice.
• A conceptual model is a group of ideas that serves as a framework upon which theories can be developed and tested.
• Nursing involves the diagnosis and treatment of human responses to actual or potential health problems.

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Respiratory System Bullets 002

• The pleurae are serous membranes that enclose the lungs.
• The visceral pleura directly covers the lungs.
• The parietal pleura lines the cavity of each hemithorax.
• The pleura space is a potential space between the two pleurae. Only few ml of serous fluid is found in the pleural space, to serve as lubricant.

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Respiratory System Bullets 001

• Respiration is the process of gaseous exchange between the individual and the environment.
• The three process of respiration are: Ventilation, Diffusion and Perfusion.
• Ventilation refers to the movement of gases in and out of the lungs.
• Diffusion – the exchange of gases from an area of higher pressure to an area of lower pressure.

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Supplemental Bullets #001

• A blood pressure cuff that's too narrow can cause a falsely elevated blood pressure reading.
• Rhonchi are the rumbling sounds heard on lung auscultation. They are more pronounced during expiration that during inspitation.
• Gavage is forced feeding, usually through a gastric tube.
• According to Maslow's Hierarchy of Needs, physiologic have t he highest priority.

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Gouty Arthritis

• Type of arthritis that causes inflammation usually in one joint.
• Disorder of purine metabolism
• Characterized by high levels of uric acid in the blood and in the urine.
• There is precipitation of urate crystals (tophi) in the joints. This causes inflammation and pain.
• Occurs most often in males.

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Hiatal Hernia (Diaphragmatic Hernia)

• Part of stomach pushes upward through diaphragm.
• Occurs more often in women.
• Most common in people who are age 50 and up.

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Nursing Process

Nursing Process is a systematic, logical and cyclical method of planning and providing nursing care. It is characterized by 5C: Constantly Changing, Cyclic, Client-centered, Collaborative and Can be universally applied.

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